The glass globe spinning against the bottom pad develops static charge, which is conducted away by metal needles at top. Franklin's machine was given to Library Company of Philadelphia by Franklin's grandson in 1792, and is currently on display at the Franklin Institute. He kept a detailed journal of his research in a diary called "Electrical Minutes" that has since been lost. ![]() Franklin experimented not only with the electrostatic machine with the glass globe, but also with the Leyden jar. He moved into a new Philadelphia home with his wife, where he built a laboratory to conduct experiments and research new electrical theories. In 1748, Franklin turned over his entire printing business to his partner David Hall. He decided to retire early from his printing business, still in his early forties, to spend more time studying electricity. Franklin theorized this "electrical fire" was collected from this other material somehow, and not produced by the friction on the object. When amber, sulfur, or glass are rubbed with certain materials, they produce electrical effects. This gave Franklin a complete system to experiment with generating and storing electricity. Leo LeMay believes it was a combination of an electricity generating machine, a Leyden jar, a glass tube, and a stool that was electrically insulated from the ground. While no records exists to tell exactly what parts were included in the system, historian J. In the summer of 1747 they had received an electrical system from Thomas Penn. Later, he was also associated with Thomas Hopkinson and Philip Syng in experimentation with electricity. In 1746, Franklin began working on electrical experiments with Ebenezer Kinnersley after he bought all of Archibald Spencer's electrical equipment that he used in his lectures. Collinson gift of "glass tube" used for producing static electricity Franklin wrote a letter to Collinson on March 28, 1747, thanking him, and saying the tube and instructions had motivated several colleagues and him to begin serious experiments with electricity. Collinson was the library's London agent and provided the latest technology news from Europe. In 1745, Peter Collinson, a businessman from London who corresponded with American and European scientists, donated a German "glass tube" along with instructions how to make static electricity, to Franklin's Library Company of Philadelphia. ![]() In 1745, German cleric Ewald Georg von Kleist and Dutch scientist Pieter van Musschenbroek discovered independently that the electric charge from these machines could be stored in a Leyden jar, named after the city of Leiden in the Netherlands. Machines that generated static electricity with a glass disc were popular and widespread in Europe by 1740. ![]() The glass tube was a less effective static generator than the globe, but it became more popular because it was easier to use. ![]() He later replaced the globe with a glass tube of about 2.5 feet (0.76 m) emptied of air. Francis Hauksbee developed a more advanced electrostatic generator around 1704 using a glass bulb that had a vacuum. In 1663, Otto von Guericke generated static electricity with a device that used a sphere of sulfur. European scientists developed machines to generate static electricity decades earlier. Main article: Benjamin Franklin § Inventions and scientific inquiries Leyden jar experimentįranklin was not the first to build an electrostatic generator.
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